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The
red planet Mars is the most exciting planet for
observing with a telescope, the red surface is a rocky
world. Through the centuries Mars inspired men's
imaginations as no other planet. To the ancients Mars
was personified as the god of war. Mars has two tiny
moons Phobos and Deimos, the discovery of the two moons was done by
Asaph Hall in 1877. The polar caps of Mars are expanding and contracting
with the seasons just like the Earth. On the martian poles the air is colder
and also carbon dioxide clouds can form. The most exciting of all was the
discovery of what appeared to be dried up river beds on the surface of Mars.
The planet is about half the size of the Earth, through a telescope Mars
shows an orange disk and white polar caps . |
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The
Mars Mariner Valley Canyon is five times deeper and 100 times longer than the
grand Canyon on Earth . The diameter of Mars is 6800 Km, distance from the
Sun is 228 million Km, time to orbit the Sun is 687 days, spin time once on
axis 24.6 hours .The martian day is very similar in length to the Earth's 24
hours 37 minutes . Before exploration of space Mars was considered the best
candidate for harboring extraterrestrial life. Astronomers thought they saw
straight lines crisscrossing its surface. This led to the popular belief
that irrigation canals on the planet had been constructed by intelligent
beings. In 1938, when Orson Welles broadcasted a radio drama based on the
science fiction classic war of the Worlds by H.G. Wells, enough people
believed in the tale of invading Martians to cause a near panic.
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Interior of Mars |
Sky and telescopes |
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The interior of Mars is
known only by interference from data about the surface and the bulk
statistics of the planet. The most likely scenario is a dense core about
1700 km in radius, a molten rocky mantle somewhat denser than the Earth's
and a thiny crust. Data from Mars Global Surveyor indicate that Mars' crust
is about 80 km thick in the southern hemisphere but only about 35 km thick
in the north. Mars' relatively low density compared to the other terrestrial
planets indicates that its core probably contains a relatively large
fraction of sulfur in addition to iron (iron and iron sulfide). |
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